|
Hardware
Training Tools
Data Acquisition
I/O Cards
Development Tools
Pic Tutor
Software
CAD
Education
Consulting
Downloads
PRICE
LIST
Corporate
About AMS
Chronology
Contact
Sales Offices
US
International
Publication
EBOOKS
Articles
Press Release
CAE Glossary
Design
Guidelines
PCB FABRICATION
Resource
Resource Page
EZMicro
Resource
Support
Registration
Support
Payment
Terms
Site
Designed by
GlobalAMS
|
|
 |
Below
are a number of Guideline Rules to follow and keep in mind when designing
PCBs. These are general rules that apply for the most PCB fabricators, but
it is advisable to check with your fabricator.
Board Size
PCB
manufacturers have a maximum size board they can handle. Typically this is
also their panel size. The PCB fab house's panel size is also important
when mass producing boards. In this situation one would want to fit as many
boards as possible on a panel with as little wasted board space as possible
(in order to reduce costs). Normal board spacing for routing (how boards
are separated on a panel) is 0.3", plus there is typically a 1.0"
to 2.0" border on the board for handling it during processing.
Board
thickness may also be specified. A standard thickness and type of board is
.062" FR4. Other typical board thicknesses are .010", .020",
.031", and .092".
Trace Width and Spacing
The
chemical and photographic processes used to produce a PCB put requirements
on the minimum width of trace and the minimum spacing between traces. If a
trace is made smaller than this minimum width there is some chance it will
open (no connection) when manufactured. If two traces are closer together
than the minimum spacing there is some chance they will short when
manufactured. These parameters are usually specified as "x/y
rules", where x is the minimum trace width and y is the minimum trace
spacing. For example, "8/10 rules" would indicate 8 mil minimum
trace width and 10 mil minimum trace spacing. These rules (especially
spacing) apply to any metal on the PCB, including pad to track spacing and
line widths for strings on the PCB.
Typical
modern process rules are 8/8 rules with values as small as 2/2 rules being
available. For Press-n-Peel people have had success using 12/12 rules, but
values a little larger are easier to make work consistently. However, keep
in mind that the board must be soldered and a trace within 8 mils (8/8
rules) of a pad is easier to short than one with greater spacing when hand
soldered. For hand soldering 10/10 rules are much easier to solder (if the
design density can allow spacing this large).
Pad Sizes
The
biggest issues with pad size are solderability and manufacturability.
Solderability is really just a matter of skill and will not be discussed
here. Manufacturability is concerned with whether or not the pad will be
broken when the hold is drilled in it. This is mainly a function of the
accuracy of the PCB manufacturer's drilling. If a drill hole is slightly
off center the pad may be broken at one edge possibly leading to an open in
the circuit. A standard requirement for pad sizes is a 5 mil annulus. This
means there must be .005" all around the hole (i.e. a 28 mil hole
would require a 38 mil pad). Something a little larger than this (maybe 10
mils) is recommended for solderability. AP Circuits states they have had
relatively consistent success with a 2.5 mil annulus (i.e. a 20 mil hole
with only a 25 mil pad), but they don't recommend it.
Hole Sizes
Most
PCB manufacturers have a wide selection of drill (hole) sizes available.
Some charge per drill size used, others offer a standard set of drill sizes
for no charge and then charge for any non-standard drill sizes. AP Circuits
uses the latter approach. When choosing a hole size remember that the
plate-through will cause the hole to effectively be more narrow. The
plate-through thickness varies from .001" to .003". AP Circuits'
plate-through thickness is approximiately .015" (meaning the
"finished hole" diameter is 3 mils smaller).
Standard Drill Sizes
|
Drill
Number
|
Hole
Size
|
Finished
Hole Size
|
|
70
|
.028"
|
.025"
|
|
65
|
.035"
|
.032"
|
|
58
|
.042"
|
.039"
|
|
55
|
.052"
|
.049"
|
|
53
|
.0595"
|
.056"
|
|
44
|
.086"
|
.083"
|
|
1/8"
|
.125"
|
.122"
|
|
24
|
.152"
|
.149"
|
Hole Density
Hole
density is purely a cost issue. The more holes there are on a board the
more wear and tear manufacturing will put on the equipment (and thus the
more the board will cost). Most PCB manufacturers have a maximum hole
density and boards with greater density are charged more. For AP Circuits,
there is a per hole charge for densities above 24 holes per square inch.
Drill Chart
|
Drill
No.
|
Inches
|
|
Drill
No.
|
Inches
|
|
Drill
No.
|
Inches
|
|
80
|
.0135
|
|
53
|
.0595
|
|
27
|
.1440
|
|
79
|
.0145
|
|
52
|
.0635
|
|
26
|
.1470
|
|
78
|
.0160
|
|
51
|
.0670
|
|
25
|
.1495
|
|
77
|
.0180
|
|
50
|
.0700
|
|
24
|
.1520
|
|
76
|
0200
|
|
49
|
.0730
|
|
23
|
.1540
|
|
75
|
.0210
|
|
48
|
.0760
|
|
22
|
.1570
|
|
74
|
.0225
|
|
47
|
.0785
|
|
21
|
.1590
|
|
73
|
.0240
|
|
46
|
.0810
|
|
20
|
.1610
|
|
72
|
.0250
|
|
45
|
.0820
|
|
19
|
.1660
|
|
71
|
.0260
|
|
44
|
.0860
|
|
18
|
.1695
|
|
70
|
.0280
|
|
43
|
.0890
|
|
17
|
.1730
|
|
69
|
.0292
|
|
42
|
.0935
|
|
16
|
.1770
|
|
68
|
.0310
|
|
41
|
.0960
|
|
15
|
.1800
|
|
67
|
.0320
|
|
40
|
.0980
|
|
14
|
.1820
|
|
66
|
.0330
|
|
39
|
.0995
|
|
13
|
.1850
|
|
65
|
.0350
|
|
38
|
.1015
|
|
12
|
.1890
|
|
64
|
.0360
|
|
37
|
.1040
|
|
11
|
.1910
|
|
63
|
.0370
|
|
36
|
.1065
|
|
10
|
.1935
|
|
62
|
.0380
|
|
35
|
.1100
|
|
09
|
.1960
|
|
61
|
.0390
|
|
34
|
.1110
|
|
08
|
.1990
|
|
60
|
.0400
|
|
33
|
.1130
|
|
07
|
.2010
|
|
59
|
.0410
|
|
32
|
.1160
|
|
06
|
.2040
|
|
58
|
.0420
|
|
31
|
.1200
|
|
05
|
.2055
|
|
57
|
.0430
|
|
1/8"
|
.1250
|
|
04
|
.2090
|
|
56
|
.0465
|
|
30
|
.1285
|
|
03
|
.2130
|
|
55
|
.0520
|
|
29
|
.1360
|
|
02
|
.2210
|
|
54
|
.0550
|
|
28
|
.1405
|
|
01
|
.2280
|
dBm - Volts - Watts
Conversion
|
dBm
|
V
|
Po
|
|
dBm
|
V
|
Po
|
|
dBm
|
uV
|
Po
|
|
+53
|
100.0
|
200W
|
|
+7
|
0.50
|
5mW
|
|
-37
|
3.2
|
|
|
+50
|
70.0
|
100W
|
|
+6
|
0.445
|
4mW
|
|
-38
|
2.85
|
|
|
+49
|
64.0
|
80W
|
|
+5
|
0.40
|
3.2mW
|
|
-39
|
2.5
|
|
|
+48
|
58.0
|
64W
|
|
+4
|
0.355
|
2.5mW
|
|
-40
|
2.25
|
0.1uW
|
|
+47
|
50.0
|
50W
|
|
+3
|
0.320
|
2.0mW
|
|
-41
|
2.0
|
|
|
+46
|
44.5
|
40W
|
|
+2
|
0.280
|
1.6mW
|
|
-42
|
1.8
|
|
|
+45
|
40.0
|
32W
|
|
+1
|
0.252
|
1.25mW
|
|
-43
|
1.6
|
|
|
+44
|
32.5
|
25W
|
|
0
|
0.225
|
1.00mW
|
|
-44
|
1.4
|
|
|
+43
|
32.0
|
20W
|
|
-1
|
0.200
|
0.80mW
|
|
-45
|
1.25
|
|
|
+42
|
28.0
|
16W
|
|
-2
|
0.180
|
0.64mW
|
|
-46
|
1.18
|
|
|
+41
|
26.2
|
12.5W
|
|
-3
|
0.160
|
0.50mW
|
|
-47
|
1.00
|
|
|
+40
|
22.5
|
10W
|
|
-4
|
0.141
|
0.40mW
|
|
-48
|
0.90
|
|
|
+39
|
20.0
|
8W
|
|
-5
|
0.125
|
0.32mW
|
|
-49
|
800
|
|
|
+38
|
18.0
|
6.4W
|
|
-6
|
0.115
|
0.25mW
|
|
-50
|
710
|
0.01uW
|
|
+37
|
16.0
|
5W
|
|
-7
|
0.100
|
0.20mW
|
|
-51
|
640
|
|
|
+36
|
14.1
|
4W
|
|
-8
|
0.090
|
0.16mW
|
|
-52
|
570
|
|
|
+35
|
12.5
|
3.2W
|
|
-9
|
0.080
|
0.125mW
|
|
-53
|
500
|
|
|
+34
|
11.5
|
2.5W
|
|
-10
|
0.071
|
0.10mW
|
|
-54
|
450
|
|
|
+33
|
10.0
|
2W
|
|
-11
|
64
|
|
|
-55
|
0.40
|
|
|
+32
|
9.0
|
1.6W
|
|
-12
|
58
|
|
|
-56
|
351
|
|
|
+31
|
8.0
|
1.25W
|
|
-13
|
50
|
|
|
-57
|
320
|
|
|
+30
|
7.10
|
1.0W
|
|
-14
|
45
|
|
|
-58
|
286
|
|
|
+29
|
6.40
|
800mW
|
|
-15
|
40
|
|
|
-59
|
251
|
|
|
+28
|
5.80
|
640mW
|
|
-16
|
35.5
|
|
|
-60
|
225
|
0.001uW
|
|
+27
|
5.00
|
500mW
|
|
-17
|
31.5
|
|
|
-61
|
200
|
|
|
+26
|
4.45
|
400mW
|
|
-18
|
28.5
|
|
|
-62
|
180
|
|
|
+25
|
4.00
|
320mW
|
|
-19
|
25.1
|
|
|
-63
|
160
|
|
|
+24
|
3.55
|
250mW
|
|
-20
|
22.5
|
0.01mW
|
|
-64
|
141
|
|
|
+23
|
3.20
|
200mW
|
|
-21
|
20.0
|
|
|
-65
|
128
|
|
|
+22
|
2.80
|
160mW
|
|
-22
|
17.9
|
|
|
-66
|
115
|
|
|
+21
|
2.52
|
125mW
|
|
-23
|
15.9
|
|
|
-67
|
100
|
|
|
+20
|
2.25
|
100mW
|
|
-24
|
14.1
|
|
|
-68
|
90
|
|
|
+19
|
2.00
|
80mW
|
|
-25
|
12.8
|
|
|
-69
|
80
|
|
|
+18
|
1.80
|
64mW
|
|
-26
|
11.5
|
|
|
-70
|
71
|
0.1nW
|
|
+17
|
1.60
|
50mW
|
|
-27
|
10.0
|
|
|
-71
|
65
|
|
|
+16
|
1.41
|
40mW
|
|
-28
|
8.9
|
|
|
-72
|
58
|
|
|
+15
|
1.25
|
32mW
|
|
-29
|
8.0
|
|
|
-73
|
50
|
|
|
+14
|
1.15
|
25mW
|
|
-30
|
7.1
|
0.001mW
|
|
-74
|
45
|
|
|
+13
|
1.00
|
20mW
|
|
-31
|
6.25
|
|
|
-75
|
40
|
|
|
+12
|
0.90
|
16mW
|
|
-32
|
5.8
|
|
|
-76
|
35
|
|
|
+11
|
0.80
|
12.5mW
|
|
-33
|
5.0
|
|
|
-77
|
32
|
|
|
+10
|
0.71
|
10mW
|
|
-34
|
4.5
|
|
|
-78
|
29
|
|
|
+9
|
0.64
|
8mW
|
|
-35
|
4.0
|
|
|
-79
|
25
|
|
|
+8
|
0.58
|
6.4mW
|
|
-36
|
3.5
|
|
|
-80
|
22.5
|
0.01nW
|
Getek®
Laminates - Epoxy / Polyphenylene Oxide Resin
(Type: NEMA
FR-4, IPC-L-108B/04)
|
Nominal
thickness
|
Thickness
tolerance
|
GE
grade
|
E-Glass
construction
|
Dk@1MHz.
|
|
0.0027"
|
±0.0005"
|
ML200D
|
1080
|
3.8
|
|
0.004"
|
±0.0005"
|
ML200D
|
2313
|
3.9
|
|
0.005"
|
±0.0007"
|
ML200M
|
2313/106
|
3.8
|
|
0.006"
|
±0.0007"
|
ML200D
|
2313/1080
|
3.9
|
|
0.007"
|
±0.0010"
|
ML200M
|
(2)2313
|
3.8
|
|
0.008"
|
±0.0010"
|
ML200D
|
2313/2116
|
3.9
|
|
0.010"
|
±0.0010"
|
ML200D
|
(2)2116
|
3.9
|
|
0.012"
|
±0.0010"
|
ML200D
|
1080/7628/1080
|
3.9
|
|
0.014"
|
±0.0015"
|
ML200D
|
(2)7628
|
4.2
|
|
0.018"
|
±0.0015"
|
ML200D
|
7628/2313/7628
|
4.1
|
|
0.021"
|
±0.0020"
|
ML200D
|
(3)7628
|
4.2
|
|
0.024"
|
±0.0020"
|
ML200C
|
2116/(2)7628/2116
|
4.1
|
|
0.028"
|
±0.0020"
|
ML200D
|
(4)7628
|
4.2
|
|
0.028"(Alt.)
|
±0.0020"
|
ML200C
|
1080/2313/(3)2116/2313/1080
|
3.8
|
|
0.031"
|
±0.0030"
|
ML200C
|
2116/(3)7628/2116
|
4.1
|
|
0.031"1
|
±0.0040"
|
ML200D
|
(4)7628
|
4.2
|
|
0.044"1
|
±0.0050"
|
ML200D
|
(6)7628
|
4.2
|
|
0.059"1
|
±0.0050"
|
ML200D
|
(8)7628
|
4.2
|
VSWR Vs. Return Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
|
1.01
|
-46.064
|
1.51
|
-13.842
|
1.79
|
-10.960
|
2.18
|
-8.611
|
2.57
|
-7.135
|
|
1.02
|
-40.086
|
1.52
|
-13.708
|
1.80
|
-10.881
|
2.19
|
-8.565
|
2.58
|
-7.105
|
|
1.03
|
-36.608
|
1.53
|
-13.577
|
1.81
|
-10.804
|
2.20
|
-8.519
|
2.59
|
-7.074
|
|
1.04
|
-34.151
|
1.54
|
-13.449
|
1.82
|
-10.729
|
2.21
|
-8.474
|
2.60
|
-7.044
|
|
1.05
|
-32.256
|
1.55
|
-13.324
|
1.83
|
-10.654
|
2.22
|
-8.430
|
2.61
|
-7.014
|
|
1.06
|
-30.714
|
1.56
|
-13.201
|
1.84
|
-10.581
|
2.23
|
-8.386
|
2.62
|
-6.984
|
|
1.07
|
-29.417
|
1.57
|
-13.081
|
1.85
|
-10.509
|
2.24
|
-8.342
|
2.63
|
-6.954
|
|
1.08
|
-28.299
|
1.58
|
-12.964
|
1.86
|
-10.437
|
2.25
|
-8.299
|
2.64
|
-6.925
|
|
1.09
|
-27.318
|
1.59
|
-12.849
|
1.87
|
-10.367
|
2.26
|
-8.257
|
2.65
|
-6.896
|
|
1.10
|
-26.444
|
1.60
|
-12.736
|
1.88
|
-10.298
|
2.27
|
-8.215
|
2.66
|
-6.867
|
|
1.11
|
-25.658
|
1.61
|
-12.626
|
1.89
|
-10.230
|
2.28
|
-8.173
|
2.67
|
-6.839
|
|
1.12
|
-24.943
|
1.62
|
-12.518
|
1.90
|
-10.163
|
2.29
|
-8.132
|
2.68
|
-6.811
|
|
1.13
|
-24.289
|
1.63
|
-12.412
|
1.91
|
-10.097
|
2.30
|
-8.091
|
2.69
|
-6.783
|
|
1.14
|
-23.686
|
1.64
|
-12.308
|
1.92
|
-10.032
|
2.31
|
-8.051
|
2.70
|
-6.755
|
|
1.15
|
-23.127
|
1.65
|
-12.207
|
1.93
|
-9.968
|
2.32
|
-8.011
|
2.71
|
-6.728
|
|
1.16
|
-22.607
|
1.66
|
-12.107
|
1.94
|
-9.904
|
2.33
|
-7.972
|
2.72
|
-6.700
|
|
1.17
|
-22.120
|
1.67
|
-12.009
|
1.95
|
-9.842
|
2.34
|
-7.933
|
2.73
|
-6.673
|
|
1.18
|
-21.664
|
1.68
|
-11.913
|
1.96
|
-9.780
|
2.35
|
-7.894
|
2.74
|
-6.646
|
|
1.19
|
-21.234
|
1.69
|
-11.818
|
1.97
|
-9.720
|
2.36
|
-7.856
|
2.75
|
-6.620
|
|
1.20
|
-20.828
|
1.70
|
-11.725
|
1.98
|
-9.660
|
2.37
|
-7.818
|
2.76
|
-6.594
|
|
1.21
|
-20.443
|
1.71
|
-11.634
|
1.99
|
-9.601
|
2.38
|
-7.781
|
2.77
|
-6.567
|
|
1.22
|
-20.079
|
1.72
|
-11.545
|
2.00
|
-9.542
|
2.39
|
-7.744
|
2.78
|
-6.541
|
|
1.23
|
-19.732
|
1.73
|
-11.457
|
2.01
|
-9.485
|
2.40
|
-7.707
|
2.79
|
-6.516
|
|
1.24
|
-19.401
|
1.74
|
-11.370
|
2.02
|
-9.428
|
2.41
|
-7.671
|
2.80
|
-6.490
|
|
1.25
|
-19.085
|
1.75
|
-11.285
|
2.03
|
-9.372
|
2.42
|
-7.635
|
2.81
|
-6.465
|
|
1.26
|
-18.783
|
1.76
|
-11.202
|
2.04
|
-9.317
|
2.43
|
-7.599
|
2.82
|
-6.440
|
|
1.27
|
-18.493
|
1.77
|
-11.120
|
2.05
|
-9.262
|
2.44
|
-7.564
|
2.83
|
-6.415
|
|
1.28
|
-18.216
|
1.78
|
-11.039
|
2.06
|
-9.208
|
2.45
|
-7.529
|
2.84
|
-6.390
|
|
1.29
|
-17.949
|
1.40
|
-15.563
|
2.07
|
-9.155
|
2.46
|
-7.494
|
2.85
|
-6.366
|
|
1.30
|
-17.692
|
1.41
|
-15.385
|
2.08
|
-9.103
|
2.47
|
-7.460
|
2.86
|
-6.341
|
|
1.31
|
-17.445
|
1.42
|
-15.211
|
2.09
|
-9.051
|
2.48
|
-7.426
|
2.87
|
-6.317
|
|
1.32
|
-17.207
|
1.43
|
-15.043
|
2.10
|
-8.999
|
2.49
|
-7.393
|
2.88
|
-6.293
|
|
1.33
|
-16.977
|
1.44
|
-14.879
|
2.11
|
-8.949
|
2.50
|
-7.360
|
2.89
|
-6.270
|
|
1.34
|
-16.755
|
1.45
|
-14.719
|
2.12
|
-8.899
|
2.51
|
-7.327
|
2.90
|
-6.246
|
|
1.35
|
-16.540
|
1.46
|
-14.564
|
2.13
|
-8.849
|
2.52
|
-7.294
|
2.91
|
-6.223
|
|
1.36
|
-16.332
|
1.47
|
-14.412
|
2.14
|
-8.800
|
2.53
|
-7.262
|
2.92
|
-6.200
|
|
1.37
|
-16.131
|
1.48
|
-14.264
|
2.15
|
-8.752
|
2.54
|
-7.230
|
2.93
|
-6.177
|
|
1.38
|
-15.936
|
1.49
|
-14.120
|
2.16
|
-8.705
|
2.55
|
-7.198
|
2.94
|
-6.154
|
|
1.39
|
-15.747
|
1.50
|
-13.979
|
2.17
|
-8.657
|
2.56
|
-7.167
|
2.95
|
-6.131
|
VSWR Vs. Return Loss
(Continued)
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
VSWR
|
Ret.
Loss
|
|
2.96
|
-6.109
|
3.07
|
-5.872
|
3.18
|
-5.654
|
3.29
|
-5.452
|
3.40
|
-5.265
|
|
2.97
|
-6.086
|
3.08
|
-5.852
|
3.19
|
-5.635
|
3.30
|
-5.435
|
3.41
|
-5.248
|
|
2.98
|
-6.064
|
3.09
|
-5.832
|
3.20
|
-5.617
|
3.31
|
-5.417
|
3.42
|
-5.232
|
|
2.99
|
-6.042
|
3.10
|
-5.811
|
3.21
|
-5.598
|
3.32
|
-5.400
|
3.43
|
-5.216
|
|
3.00
|
-6.021
|
3.11
|
-5.791
|
3.22
|
-5.579
|
3.33
|
-5.383
|
3.44
|
-5.200
|
|
3.01
|
-5.999
|
3.12
|
-5.771
|
3.23
|
-5.561
|
3.34
|
-5.365
|
3.45
|
-5.184
|
|
3.02
|
-5.977
|
3.13
|
-5.751
|
3.24
|
-5.542
|
3.35
|
-5.348
|
3.46
|
-5.168
|
|
3.03
|
-5.956
|
3.14
|
-5.732
|
3.25
|
-5.524
|
3.36
|
-5.331
|
3.47
|
-5.152
|
|
3.04
|
-5.935
|
3.15
|
-5.712
|
3.26
|
-5.506
|
3.37
|
-5.315
|
3.48
|
-5.137
|
|
3.05
|
-5.914
|
3.16
|
-5.693
|
3.27
|
-5.488
|
3.38
|
-5.298
|
3.49
|
-5.121
|
|
3.06
|
-5.893
|
3.17
|
-5.674
|
3.28
|
-5.470
|
3.39
|
-5.281
|
3.50
|
-5.105
|
Wire data
chart
|
AWG
|
Diam
(In.)
|
|
AWG
|
Diam
(In.)
|
|
AWG
|
Diam
(In.)
|
|
AWG
|
Diam
(In.)
|
|
4/0
|
0.4600
|
|
9
|
0.1144
|
|
21
|
0.0285
|
|
33
|
0.0071
|
|
3/0
|
0.4096
|
|
10
|
0.1019
|
|
22
|
0.0253
|
|
34
|
0.0063
|
|
2/0
|
0.3648
|
|
11
|
0.0907
|
|
23
|
0.0226
|
|
35
|
0.0056
|
|
1/0
|
0.3249
|
|
12
|
0.0808
|
|
24
|
0.0201
|
|
36
|
0.0050
|
|
1
|
0.2893
|
|
13
|
0.0720
|
|
25
|
0.0179
|
|
37
|
0.0045
|
|
2
|
0.2576
|
|
14
|
0.0641
|
|
26
|
0.0159
|
|
38
|
0.0040
|
|
3
|
0.2294
|
|
15
|
0.0571
|
|
27
|
0.0142
|
|
39
|
0.0035
|
|
4
|
0.2043
|
|
16
|
0.0508
|
|
28
|
0.0126
|
|
40
|
0.0031
|
|
5
|
0.1819
|
|
17
|
0.0453
|
|
29
|
0.0113
|
|
41
|
0.0028
|
|
6
|
0.1620
|
|
18
|
0.0403
|
|
30
|
0.0100
|
|
42
|
0.0025
|
|
7
|
0.1443
|
|
19
|
0.0359
|
|
31
|
0.0089
|
|
43
|
0.0022
|
|
8
|
0.1285
|
|
20
|
0.0320
|
|
32
|
0.0080
|
|
44
|
0.0020
|
PCMCIA Connector pinout
|
16-Bit
Pin
|
32-bit
Memory
|
16-Bit
I/O+Mem
|
32-bit
CardBus
|
Pin
|
Memory
|
I/O+Mem
|
CardBus
|
|
1
|
GND
|
GND
|
GND
|
35
|
GND
|
GND
|
GND
|
|
2
|
D3
|
D3
|
CAD0
|
36
|
CD1#
|
CD1#
|
CCD1#
|
|
3
|
D4
|
D4
|
CAD1
|
37
|
D11
|
D11
|
CAD2
|
|
4
|
D5
|
D5
|
CAD3
|
38
|
D12
|
D12
|
CAD4
|
|
5
|
D6
|
D6
|
CAD5
|
39
|
D13
|
D13
|
CAD6
|
|
6
|
D7
|
D7
|
CAD7
|
40
|
D14
|
D14
|
RSRVD
|
|
7
|
CE1#
|
CE1#
|
CCBE0#
|
41
|
D15
|
D15
|
CAD8
|
|
8
|
A10
|
A10
|
CAD9
|
42
|
CE2#
|
CE2#
|
CAD10
|
|
9
|
OE#
|
OE#
|
CAD11
|
43
|
VS1#
|
VS1#
|
CVS1
|
|
10
|
A11
|
A11
|
CAD12
|
44
|
RSRVD
|
IORD#
|
CAD13
|
|
11
|
A9
|
A9
|
CAD14
|
45
|
RSRVD
|
IOWR#
|
CAD15
|
|
12
|
A8
|
A8
|
CCBE1#
|
46
|
A17
|
A17
|
CAD16
|
|
13
|
A13
|
A13
|
CPAR
|
47
|
A18
|
A18
|
RSRVD
|
|
14
|
A14
|
A14
|
CPERR#
|
48
|
A19
|
A19
|
CBLOCK#
|
|
15
|
WE#
|
WE#
|
CGNT#
|
49
|
A20
|
A20
|
CSTOP#
|
|
16
|
READY
|
IREQ#
|
CINT#
|
50
|
A21
|
A21
|
CDEVSEL#
|
|
17
|
Vcc
|
Vcc
|
Vcc
|
51
|
Vcc
|
Vcc
|
Vcc
|
|
18
|
Vpp1
|
Vpp1
|
Vpp1
|
52
|
Vpp2
|
Vpp2
|
Vpp2
|
|
19
|
A16
|
A16
|
CCLK
|
53
|
A22
|
A22
|
CTRDY#
|
|
20
|
A15
|
A15
|
CIRDY#
|
54
|
A23
|
A23
|
CFRAME#
|
|
21
|
A12
|
A12
|
CCBE2#
|
55
|
A24
|
A24
|
CAD17
|
|
22
|
A7
|
A7
|
CAD18
|
56
|
A25
|
A25
|
CAD19
|
|
23
|
A6
|
A6
|
CAD20
|
57
|
VS2#
|
VS2#
|
CVS2
|
|
24
|
A5
|
A5
|
CAD21
|
58
|
RESET
|
RESET
|
CRST#
|
|
25
|
A4
|
A4
|
CAD22
|
59
|
WAIT#
|
WAIT#
|
CSERR#
|
|
26
|
A3
|
A3
|
CAD23
|
60
|
RSRVD
|
INPACK#
|
CREQ#
|
|
27
|
A2
|
A2
|
CAD24
|
61
|
REG#
|
REG#
|
CCBE3#
|
|
28
|
A1
|
A1
|
CAD25
|
62
|
BVD2
|
SPKR#
|
CAUDIO
|
|
29
|
A0
|
A0
|
CAD26
|
63
|
BVD1
|
STSCHG#
|
CSTSCHG
|
|
30
|
D0
|
D0
|
CAD27
|
64
|
D8
|
D8
|
CAD28
|
|
31
|
D1
|
D1
|
CAD29
|
65
|
D9
|
D9
|
CAD30
|
|
32
|
D2
|
D2
|
RSRVD
|
66
|
D10
|
D10
|
CAD31
|
|
33
|
WP
|
IOIS16#
|
CCLKRUN#
|
67
|
CD2#
|
CD2#
|
CCD2#
|
|
34
|
GND
|
GND
|
GND
|
68
|
GND
|
GND
|
GND
|
Trace spacing guideline
Voltage
Between Conductors
|
VDC or
Peak
|
A1
|
A2
|
A3
|
A4
|
A5
|
A6
|
A7
|
|
0 thru
15 0
|
.004
|
0.025
|
0.025
|
0.005
|
0.005
|
0.005
|
0.005
|
|
16 thru
30 0
|
.004 0
|
.025
|
0.025
|
0.005
|
0.005
|
0.010
|
0.005
|
|
31 thru
50 0
|
.004
|
0.025
|
0.025
|
0.005
|
0.005
|
0.015
|
0.005
|
|
51 thru 100
|
0.004
|
0.025
|
0.060
|
0.005
|
0.005
|
0.020
|
0.005
|
|
101 thru 150
|
0.008
|
0.025
|
0.125
|
0.015
|
0.015
|
0.030
|
0.015
|
|
151 thru 170
|
0.008
|
0.050
|
0.125
|
0.015
|
0.015
|
0.030
|
0.015
|
|
171 thru 250
|
0.008
|
0.050
|
0.250
|
0.015
|
0.015
|
0.030
|
0.015
|
|
251 thru 300
|
0.008
|
0.050
|
0.500
|
0.015
|
0.015
|
0.030
|
0.015
|
|
301 thru 500
|
0.010
|
0.100
|
0.500
|
0.030
|
0.030
|
0.060
|
0.030
|
|
More than 500
|
0.0001/V
|
0.0002/V 0.001/V
|
0.00012/V
|
0.00012/V
|
|
0.00012/V
|
0.00012/V
|
A1 -
Internal Conductors
A2 - External Conductors, uncoated, sea level to 10,000 ft.
A3 - External Conductors, uncoated, over 10,000 ft.
A4 - External Conductors, with permanent polymer coating (soldermask).
A5 - External Conductors, with conformal coating over assembly.
A6 - External Component lead/termination, uncoated.
A7 - External Component lead/termination, with conformal coating.
Electrical Design Factors
Conductor Capacitance
C = 0.31 a/b +
0.23(1 + k) log10 (1 + 2b/d +2b + b2/d2)
Where k =
substrate dielectric constant
a = conductor thickness
b = width of conductor in inches
d = distance between conductors in inches
Conductor Resistance
R = 0.000227W
Where W = width of
conductor
Characteristic Impedance
Zo = R +
jwL / G + kwC
Where Zo =
apparent Z of an infinitely long line in ohms
R = resistance in ohms
L = inductance in Henries
G = conductor per unit length of line in mhos
C = capacitance in farads
Characteristic Impedance for a microstrip
Zo = (h/W)
(377 / (Sqrt. er) {1 + (2h/PI W)[1 + ln(PI W/h)]}
Where h =
dielectric thickness
W = microstrip width
er = effective dielectric constant of substrate
C = capacitance in farads
 |
Advanced
Microcomputer Systems, Inc.
10116 NW 53rd
St., Sunrise, FL 33351-8020
Phone: (954) 784-0900, Fax: (954) 784-0904 |
1-800-319-3599
E-Mail:
info@advancedmsinc.com
Hardware | Software
| Consulting
| About
Chronology |
Contact | US
Sales |
International
Sales | Home
|
